N-Ethyl-Cypenamine (also known as cypenamine hydrochloride and 2-phenylcyclopentylamine), is a potent, fast acting psychostimulant. This article will give a description of the drug, benefits, side effects as well as possible legal ramifications. So without further ado, let's just get straight into it, shall we? What is Cypenamine?Cypenamine is a molecule that can be considered to have some structural similarity to fencamfamine. Cypenamine is the result of the research performed by scientists at the William S. Merrell Chemical Company in the 1940's. The company developed several compounds intended to enhance physical and mental performance during World War II but none were found to be suitable for use in combat. In the 1950's a group at Merrell that was interested in finding a blood pressure lowering drug, began studying cypenamine and its pharmacological properties. For much of the following decade the company continued to research the drug as an antihypertensive agent but eventually abandoned it in favor of other more promising drugs in this area. How Cypenamine WorksCypenamine works by stimulating the sympathetic nervous system. This would occur through the same mechanisms that are associated with stimulating the central nervous system, causing a release of norepinephrine and dopamine. The dose of cypenamine used in experiments was around 0.4 mg per kilogram of body weight for a period of four to six weeks. This is greater than the dosage of fencamfamine. Because of the higher dosage, cypenamine produces more pronounced increases in energy and a general sense of well being. Cypenamine vs FencamfamineBoth drugs are based on the same amphetamine-like molecule and are considered to be psychostimulants. However, fencamfamine is an active agent in its own right whereas cypenamine is a prodrug which must be metabolized into an active form. Cypenamine also differs from fencamfamine in that it is more potent and has more potential side effects. Legal ImplicationsCypenamine is currently legal throughout the world. This means that there are no regulatory laws in place to restrict its sale, production and use as there are for fencamfamine. This may be because the drug has never been developed for market. In some countries fencamfamine is scheduled as a controlled substance under the United Nations Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971. Benefits & Side effectsThe main function of Cypenamine is to stimulate the sympathetic nervous system. This property makes it an effective source of energy, and also acts as a mild euphoriant . Another benefit of cypenamine is that when taken at the correct dosage, it has no significant drug side effects . Though there are several reports of adverse effects, these are generally minor and are usually related to over dosage. The most common adverse effect is insomnia. ConclusionCypenamine is a drug that has been researched throughout most of the 20th century. After an unsuccessful search for an antihypertensive, the company at William S. Merrell Chemical Company began researching the drug as a potential stimulant. Throughout much of the 1950's it was studied alongside other psychostimulants such as amphetamine and methamphetamine, but finally in 1960, it was dropped from the market and rights were sold to a company in Japan. Cypenamine is currently legal throughout most of the world with no restrictions on its sale or use. The drug has been abandoned in favor of Fencamfamin for treating depressive day-time fatigue. Via https://nootropicology.com/n-ethyl-cypenamine/
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In this article I'll take a closer look at Morphodrol (also known as Morpholin-3-yl, Pipradrol and Meratran). I'll explain what it is, its benefits, and if it has any potential side effects. Morphodrol is a mild central nervous system stimulant (norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor) that was developed in the 1940s and used for treating obesity. It was subsequently used for the treatment of a variety of conditions such as narcolepsy, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and most importantly: depression. But what is Morphodrol exactly and how does it work in the brain? Let's take a closer look. What is Morphodrol?Morphodrol is a brand name for the drug Pipradrol, a stimulant used primarily to treat obesity and depression. It was introduced in the early 1940s and soon became one of the most commonly prescribed weight-loss medications in Europe. However, over time its use declined due to issues with abuse potential. Today it's still used in some European countries as well as the United States, although not often. What does the drug do?Morphodrol is a central nervous system stimulant; in other words, it increases alertness and reduces fatigue. It also enhances mood. As previously mentioned it was first developed as an anti-obesity medication. It worked by reducing hunger and increasing energy expenditure. Eating less and moving more should lead to weight loss, right? How does it work in the brain?Morphodrol increases alertness by affecting neurotransmitters in the brain. It inhibits the re-uptake of norepinephrine and dopamine, which are neurotransmitters involved in signaling alertness and mental focus. By increasing these two neurotransmitters, Morphodrol can enhance alertness and decrease fatigue. This is also the reason why it has become increasingly popular in the Nootropic community. Morphodrol BenefitsMorphodrol has many benefits. First and foremost it's used to treat depression, a serious mental disorder that significantly impairs quality of life. It increases the level of neurotransmitters that are involved in mental functioning, making people feel better both physically and mentally. In addition to treating depression, Morphodrol can also improve overall brain function. Studies have shown it increased working memory, decision making, and attention span in healthy subjects. It's also been shown to increase neuronal efficiency in neurological disorders affecting cognition such as Alzheimer's disease. Side effectsMorphodrol does have some side effects, although generally they are mild and resolve themselves when use is discontinued. The most common side effects include:
It may also cause decreased appetite and dry mouth. All of these issues are usually mild but can become problematic if use is continued for an extended period of time. In case you have any of these side effects initiate the quitting process as soon as possible. Does it work as a Nootropic?With its many benefits and low risk of side effects, it's no wonder that Morphodrol has become so popular as a Nootropic. It's used in Europe and the United States mainly to treat depression but also to improve mental performance, which is why it has become a relatively common ingredient in some smart drugs. Reports have shown it can increase working memory while also increasing alertness and reducing fatigue. All of this makes it an excellent smart drug for someone suffering from ADHD, narcolepsy or depression. Morphodrol has been compared to Adderall, but without the notorious side effects of amphetamines. Where to buy itMorphodrol is not as popular as other smart drugs, which means there is not a big selection when it comes to where you can buy it. The best places are online supplement stores such as Newmind. I've not personally ordered Morphodrol yet so I can't speak of the quality. If you don't want to risk getting in trouble with the law you can find a better alternative to Morphodrol here. What is the most optimal dosage?The standard daily dosage of Morphodrol is 10-20 mg. However, recent research has shown that there is a relationship between weight loss and the optimal dosage. The average weight loss in a controlled study with Morphodrol was 5.5%. In this study, the average dosage was 18 mg/day, which means about 7 mg/day more than the standard 20 mg/day dosage. In SummaryMorphodrol is a great smart drug for people suffering from depression, ADHD or narcolepsy. It's been shown to improve mental performance and is also very popular in the Nootropic community. It can increase alertness and enhance focus. It's also known to reduce fatigue, making it a great product for people suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome or Parkinson's disease. The optimal dosage is still being researched but most researchers agree that it's safe to take between 10-20 mg/day, depending on body weight. If you don't want to risk getting in trouble with the law you can find a better alternative to Morphodrol here. Via https://nootropicology.com/morphodrol/ Phenylpiracetam is the newest member of a long line of cognitive-enhancing drugs that aim to boost mental function and potentially provide an edge on memory, focus, and attention. Though the drug is not currently FDA-approved for therapeutic use, it has nonetheless been studied and used by students, researchers, athletes, and professionals in a number of different settings. Phenylpiracetam is one of the few types of nootropics that is also prescribed as a treatment for narcolepsy. As an anti-fatigue agent and stimulant, Phenylpiracetam has been shown to improve wakefulness by stimulating mental activity without causing nervousness or over-stimulation. Effects of Phenylpiracetam On The Brain & Cognitive DeclineOne of the more interesting qualities about Phenylpiracetam is that it is able to help people focus better without any of the side effects associated with other focus drugs like Adderall. This increased potency is due to its active ingredient, phenylpiracetam. It is a nootropic stimulant that affects the way our body handles dopamine, acetylcholine, GABA,, and glutamate in ways that increase verbal fluency and memory while reducing anxiety levels. Using the drug can put you in a good mood and make you feel more alert without affecting your mental processes or ability to concentrate, unlike amphetamines for instance. This is a reason why cognitive enhancement drugs like Phenylpiracetam are often preferred by those who use methamphetamines for study or work as it can help clear any mind jitters associated with stimulants. Mechanism of actionPhenylpiracetam is much more potent than Piracetam and has a longer half-life. It is absorbed relatively quickly and crosses the blood-brain barrier easily. Once in the brain, it binds to transport proteins and accumulates in neuronal tissue. It is not metabolized by enzymes but rather stored in vesicles and released on demand, which is what makes it so potent. It is unclear exactly how Phenylpiracetam works to improve cognition, but it is believed that certain neurotransmitters could be responsible. Specifically, Phenylpiracetam may increase levels of dopamine and serotonin to help with attention, focus, creativity, motivation, and memory retention. It also stimulates nicotinic receptors in the brain which are linked to increased memory function. Phenylpiracetam may also be considered a nootropic as it affects levels of GABA and glutamate in ways that can calm anxiousness and increase fluidity between neuron synapses. The difference between Phenylpiracetam and all other nootropicsPhenylpiracetam is quite different from the rest of the nootropic supplements. It improves memory, focus, and attention without causing loss of sleep or a feeling of anxiety. To put it simply, this is because phenylpiracetam has been found to cause a spike in the brain chemicals dopamine and acetylcholine when taken at a high dosage as opposed to other drugs that only increase levels in the hippocampus and striatum regions. This means that it increases attention but does not cause mental fatigue, nervousness or over-stimulation like amphetamines do for instance. Benefits - What The Clinical Trials SayUnlike most other types of nootropics, Phenylpiracetam has been studied on non-psychiatric populations. Therefore, it can be used for a wide range of conditions ranging from helping with students' test anxiety and boosting focus during exams to helping people with Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Also, unlike all the other smart drugs (Nootropics) that are available today, Phenylpiracetam tends to be quite safe. Research suggests that even at high doses, phenylpiracetam offers few side effects as opposed to other nootropic drugs like Adderall or Ritalin. Quick overview of the benefits:
Toxicity and harm potentialThere have been some reports of people developing psychiatric symptoms such as anxiety, paranoia, and irritability after the use of Phenylpiracetam, though it is not yet clear whether these are due to some factor that is unique to this drug or if they are more commonly associated with other smart drugs such as amphetamines. However, most other nootropics sold on the market are not nearly as potent so they are unlikely to cause any problems. Also, while Phenylpiracetam can be quite effective in helping increase mental function, it has not been shown to cause catatonia or psychosis so its side effects should be safer than those of other drugs. Tolerance and addiction potentialJust like all other nootropics and stimulants, Phenylpiracetam can be considered addictive. It is important to note that there is a potential for phenylpiracetam addiction even with short-term use. As such, one should always take caution when using it or consider cycling off of it regularly (once every 1-2 weeks). Fatal Dosage (LD50)Fatal levels of phenylpiracetam are not known, but the LD50 (lethal dose) is approximated at 1.4 grams per kg of body weight in rats. Phenylpiracetam may be habit-forming and it has the potential to cause psychological dependence among heavy users who don't cycle it properly. If you feel that you are becoming addicted to phenylpiracetam, please consult with a doctor or addiction specialist. Phenylpiracetam can also increase blood pressure and heart rate. So if you are taking phenylpiracetam and experience any abnormal changes in your heart rate or blood pressure, discontinue use and consult with a doctor. Overall, Phenylpiracetam has a lower level of toxicity and addiction potential than traditional stimulants such as amphetamines. Phenylpiracetam is also believed to be very safe for human consumption even at high dosages (up to 100mg/kg). How to use Phenylpiracetam For Better Cognitive FunctionPhenylpiracetam works best when it is taken as a powder. The recommended dose for adults is between 50 and 150 milligrams. However, different people respond to it differently, making it hard to determine the right dosage for the individual. To ensure that you will not experience any adverse side effects or overdose, you should start at a low dose and proceed with caution by taking small amounts over time. This will also allow your body to build up a tolerance so that you can safely take higher doses in the future. Before you begin taking Phenylpiracetam, make sure that you talk to your healthcare provider so that you can get the correct dosage for your body type and any other conditions or medications you may be taking. There is a lot of evidence to support the idea that certain nootropics work better when they are paired with each other. However, there is little information on whether Phenylpiracetam needs to be taken in conjunction with other drugs in order for it to work well. As such, it is best not to mix this drug with any other drug or substance without first consulting a medical professional and/or reading relevant research on the subject. Is Phenylpiracetam legal?Phenylpiracetam is classified as a prescription drug and is not legal to possess, use, or buy. Phenylpiracetam was developed in Russia in 1983, and it is a prescription-only drug in that country. If you live in Germany you can legally buy nootropics online, however, you still need a prescription to take them. Due to a heavy influx of counterfeit drugs from China and other countries selling this substance as Adrafinil (another smart pill that is sold legally over the counter), many countries have placed restrictions on importing nootropics for personal use. Limitations and caveatsWhen it comes to nootropics like Phenylpiracetam, it is important to make sure that you do not buy any drugs without prescriptions or from unreliable sources. This will help to ensure that your body responds well to the drug and that you get the best possible results while also ensuring that you are kept safe at all times. Unfortunately, there have been many reported cases of people getting counterfeit drugs that were advertised as Phenylpiracetam or other nootropics. These can be dangerous because they are not made using pure phenylpiracetam, so you cannot be sure of what exactly is in them. Also, as Phenylpiracetam is a prescription-only drug in many countries, it can be difficult to get your hands on this substance legally. This means that you may have to order it online from a country where it is legal or purchase it from a vendor who is based in that country. Even then, there are no guarantees that the drug will be authentic, so you cannot rule out the possibility of getting counterfeit drugs even if you are buying from a reputable source. It should also be mentioned that while Phenylpiracetam has shown to have various cognitive benefits, it is unlikely to work for everyone. Some people may find that their overall well-being actually decreases after taking Phenylpiracetam, although this is rare. FDA ComplianceThe United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not approved Phenylpiracetam for human consumption. This means that the claims made about the benefits of this drug have not been evaluated by the FDA and that the agency has not issued any statements on the safety or efficacy of this substance. As a result, it is important to exercise extreme caution when taking Phenylpiracetam and to always start with a low dosage. This will help you to minimize your risk of experiencing any unpleasant side effects or an overdose. It is also recommended that you only buy this drug from reputable manufacturers and suppliers so that you know for certain that you are getting the real thing. In SummaryPhenylpiracetam is a nootropic drug that was originally developed in the Soviet Union to help cognitive processes and mental coordination. According to recent studies, it has been used for an array of different conditions including improving memory, learning, and focus. But the research on phenylpiracetam is relatively new, so itâs not entirely clear how effective this smart pill actually is when compared to other drugs. Phenylpiracetam may be safe to take if you follow recommended dosage guidelines but the side effects and safety profiles of other smart drugs may be much better than what youâll get from phenylpiracetam alone. If youâre interested in purchasing phenylpiracetam, talk to your doctor first. You may be able to get the right dosage from a doctor or over the phone and then use that information to purchase this substance from an online provider. For serious nootropic novices, itâs best to stick with the drugs that have been tested in the literature for safety and proven effective. If you are interested in more natural and natural-friendly smart pills, you should try out alternatives like Choline Bitartrate or Huperzine A. Since phenylpiracetam has been largely only studied on rats and mice, there is not a great deal of human research available on this substance either. In fact, there is very little research available on phenylpiracetam so it will be difficult to get proper medical advice. FAQ - PhenylpiracetamQ: Why is phenylpiracetam banned?A: Phenylpiracetam is a prescription-only drug that helps with cognitive decline in many countries, meaning that it is illegal to buy without a prescription. It has not been approved by the FDA for human consumption, meaning that the claims about the benefits of this drug have not been evaluated by the FDA. Q: What are the side effects of phenylpiracetam?A: Phenylpiracetam has been shown to cause a range of different side effects, including headaches, irritability, anxiety, and insomnia. It is important to start with a low dosage if you are new to this drug in order to minimize your risk of experiencing any unpleasant side effects. Q: Does phenylpiracetam cause weight loss?A: There is some evidence to suggest that phenylpiracetam may help some people lose weight. However, the studies on this are relatively new so itâs not entirely clear yet whether or not there is a connection between phenylpiracetam and weight loss. Q: Which is better piracetam or phenylpiracetam?A: Piracetam is a more widely studied drug and is considered to be safer than phenylpiracetam. Phenylpiracetam may be more effective than piracetam for some people, but the research on this is still relatively new (most of the clinical studies have been done on rat brain neurotransmitter receptors). Via https://nootropicology.com/phenylpiracetam/ Fonturacetam is a nootropic drug that’s been shown to improve memory in patients who have suffered brain injuries. It works by stimulating receptors in the brain that make memories more easily accessible. This article will go through the benefits and side effects of this nootropic compound, so you can make an informed decision about whether or not it’s right for you. What is Fonturacetam?Fonturacetam (also known as C12H14N2O2 or Phenotropil) is a nootropic drug that works by stimulating receptors in the brain. These receptors are called glutamate receptors, and there are two types – AMPA and NDMA. When activated, they help improve the ability to form memories. As a result, Fonturacetam has been shown to have many benefits including improving memory in patients who have suffered brain injuries. This is one of the main reasons it’s used as a nootropic drug. What are the benefits of Fonturacetam?Fonturacetam has been shown to improve memory and learning and memory, cognition in patients who have suffered brain injuries by stimulating receptors in the brain. Many different studies have found improved verbal memory, visual recognition memory, working memory, attention, and concentration. Memory is defined as the ability to recognize information and that which is stored in long term memory is recall. Fonturacetam has also been shown to improve working memory by increasing the activity of glutamate receptors in the brain. Working memory is the ability to focus attention and improve cognitive performance. Many cognitive tests have shown that Fonturacetam improves working memory in patients who have suffered brain injuries. Fonturacetam has also been shown to help improve attention and concentration by increasing the activity of glutamate receptors in the brain. Attention is the ability to stay focused on a single task such as studying for a test, reading, or writing an essay. How does Fonturacetam work - Mechanism of ActionFonturacetam works by stimulating receptors in the brain that allow memories to more easily be formed and stored in long-term memory. The receptors are called glutamate receptors, AMPA and NDMA. Glutamate is a neurotransmitter and the main way memories are formed, stored and can be recalled. Memory is also known as cognition. The receptors are able to tell that something needs to be stored in long-term memory, so they let glutamate into the brain. This causes a chemical reaction that makes new memories form. The glutamate receptors are divided into two types – AMPA and NDMA (N-methyl D-aspartate). Both are similar in structure, but they use different signaling pathways to pass on information. AMPA receptors activate quickly, but have little effect after activation because there is not enough time for them to send a signal for multiple rounds of transmitter release before they deactivate. This quick activation is why they are called “excitatory” receptors. NDMA receptors have a longer activation time and consequently a strong signal once activated. This mechanism is why they’re called “inhibitory” receptors. They stop glutamate from activating or deactivating, and prevent it from activating other NMDA receptors which then prevents the activation of AMPA receptors. This is done by inhibiting the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) enzyme and thus preventing other signaling pathways that would activate AMPA, including the formation of cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate). The resulting delay in signal transmission in the AMPA receptors improves concentration and working memory by preventing the activation of other pathways. This is done by inhibiting calcium channels and making sure that the release of neurotransmitters is slow to give the brain time to form new memories, as well as increasing overall activity in glutamate neurons which helps improve working memory. The resulting delay in signal transmission in the AMPA receptors improves concentration and working memory by preventing the activation of other pathways. This is done by inhibiting calcium channels and making sure that the release of neurotransmitters is slow to give the brain time to form new memories, as well as increasing overall activity in glutamate neurons which helps improve working memory. What are the side effects?Fonturacetam can cause side effects that are more serious such as: Seizures (convulsions) – This is one of the most concerning side effects associated with using nootropics because it can be life threatening. However, this has only occurred in two cases out of hundreds of thousands of patients who have taken this drug. Seizures may be a sign that dosage has been too high or that there’s another underlying problem like increased glutamate activity in the brain or cardiovascular problems. If you experience seizures, seek medical attention immediately. You may need to dramatically lower down on the dosage or take another medication like Valproate to help reduce glutamate activity in the brain. Insomnia – Insomnia is a common side effect that occurs when you take stimulants like caffeine or Ritalin. It doesn’t usually last long and it’s thought that it may be more likely to occur if doses of 300 mg/day are used. Memory loss – Some users have reported that they’ve experienced difficulty recalling memories, with some claiming they can’t remember things they once knew if they haven’t learnt them again recently. Dizziness – Dizziness is a common side effect and typically improves after a few days of taking this drug. If it doesn’t, it may be a sign that the dosage is too high. Nervousness – Users may experience increased levels of nervousness after increasing or taking higher doses. Some users report anxiety attacks while others feel more anxious than usual. Decreasing the dosage should resolve these issues within a few days. Headaches – Most users report experiencing headaches after starting to take this drug for concentration, but they do eventually subside after a few days or weeks of continued use. Headaches may be caused by an influx of oxygen in the brain and/or buildup of glutamate. Nausea – Nausea is another common side effect that many users experience when taking this drug. It’s thought that taking the drug with food can help, but it will eventually pass after a few days. Weight loss – Some users report losing weight while taking this drug but others gain weight. It’s thought that over-stimulating your metabolism increases the likelihood of weight loss, although it’s not something that happens to everyone and is more likely to occur if you eat on a regular basis. Generally speaking, AMPA modulators increase leptin secretion which causes increased fat loss and appetite suppression. Rashes – A rash or skin irritation is a side effect that never goes away completely and is caused by drug interactions. If you’re experiencing rashes, you should consider lowering the dosage. Where Can You Buy It Online?You can purchase this smart drug online from nootropic vendors like Science.bio. I’ve included an AMPA modulator in my stack and I can personally attest to the fact that this is an effective cognitive enhancer for improving focus and concentration. I would definitely recommend it to anyone looking for a safe and natural alternative to Adderall. Be sure to purchase from a reputable vendor like Science.bio as there are many counterfeit products available on the internet, sold by scammers who want to steal your personal information. Via https://nootropicology.com/fonturacetam/ Throughout my years of delving deep into the complex world of nootropics, I've encountered myriad compounds, each holding its unique allure and promise. Yet, amidst the vast ocean of 'brain boosters', the Magnolia Bark Extract (MBE) stands out as a fascinating chapter in this ongoing exploration. Its whispers echo not just in today's cutting-edge labs but reverberate through the ancient corridors of traditional Chinese medicine. For over a millennium, these very halls have revered the bark of the Magnolia tree, particularly from the species Magnolia officinalis and Magnolia obovata, as a remedy for stress, anxiety, and even digestive issues. So, today, let's take a scientific deep-dive into the world that is Magnolia Bark and see how effective it is as a nootropic. Magnolia Bark Extract Nootropic Summary
Magnolia Bark Extract: Origin and CompositionMagnolia Bark Extract, sourced from the Magnolia tree, has long been a revered ingredient in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). The Magnolia genus, comprising over 200 species, has its roots deep in evolutionary history, with certain species dating back nearly 100 million years. Predominantly, Magnolia officinalis and Magnolia obovata have been the species of choice in medicinal preparations. In TCM, the bark, referred to as "Houpu," is used not just as an isolated remedy but often in conjunction with other herbs in formulas such as "Banxia Houpu Tang," a concoction believed to address stagnation in the body and regulate the flow of 'Qi' or energy. Chemical Composition: A Dive into PhytochemistryAt the heart of Magnolia Bark Extract's therapeutic properties lies its rich phytochemical profile. Two neolignan compounds, in particular, have piqued the interest of the scientific community:
Furthermore, the bark extract also contains an assortment of essential oils, tannins, and flavonoids, each contributing to its multifaceted therapeutic potential. It's worth noting that the precise composition of MBE can vary based on extraction methods, the specific species of Magnolia utilized, and environmental factors influencing the growth of the tree. How Does Magnolia Bark Extract Work (Mechanism of Action)?The intricate dance of molecules within Magnolia Bark Extract doesn’t merely stop at offering traditional benefits; they have, over the years, showcased a promising potential to act on cognitive and neurological pathways, aligning with the attributes of nootropics. Interaction with GABA Receptors: The Calm Beneath the Cognitive StormThe brain's neurotransmitters are the key players in dictating our mood, cognition, and overall neurological health. One such crucial neurotransmitter is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter, pivotal in reducing neuronal excitability and inducing relaxation.[3] Compounds like honokiol, found in MBE, are known to interact with GABA receptors, specifically the benzodiazepine site of the GABA_A receptors. By modulating these receptors, honokiol can promote anxiolytic effects, thus enhancing mood and reducing stress—a critical element in the pursuit of cognitive clarity.[4] Anti-inflammatory Properties: A Guardian for the BrainInflammation, when unchecked, can be detrimental to brain health, often serving as a precursor to cognitive decline. Magnolol, one of MBE's primary bioactive compounds, has shown significant anti-inflammatory properties.[5] By inhibiting the NF-kB pathway—a key player in inflammatory responses—magnolol can potentially offer neuroprotection. The relevance? A reduction in neural inflammation can enhance cognitive function, memory recall, and delay onset of neurodegenerative conditions.[6] Neuroprotective Impact: Shielding the Brain's FortressNeurodegeneration is an alarming reality of our times, with conditions like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's affecting millions worldwide. MBE's honokiol has showcased potential neuroprotective effects, attributed to its antioxidative properties. By scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative stress, honokiol could play a role in staving off neurodegenerative conditions, thus ensuring cognitive longevity.[7] To truly appreciate the magnitude of Magnolia Bark Extract's potential as a nootropic, we must further explore its direct cognitive benefits and effects below. Magnolia Bark Extract's Nootropic BenefitsIn the realm of cognitive enhancement, Magnolia Bark Extract offers a blend of ancient wisdom and modern scientific validation. Its complex phytochemistry reveals a myriad of benefits, many of which have direct implications for cognitive enhancement and overall brain health. Cognitive Enhancement: Memory ImprovementMemory, the cornerstone of cognitive function, is often vulnerable to age, stress, and external toxins. Magnolol, abundant in MBE, has shown promise in improving memory impairment. Studies on rodents have demonstrated its potential in reversing scopolamine-induced memory deficits, thus indicating its role in cholinergic pathway modulation—a pivotal system for memory processes.[8] Focus and AttentionIn our hyper-stimulated world, maintaining focus is a formidable challenge. MBE’s anxiolytic properties, primarily stemming from its interaction with GABA receptors, can result in reduced mental noise, thereby promoting sustained attention. This has implications not just for day-to-day tasks but also for conditions like ADHD where focus is intrinsically compromised. Mood Regulation: Anxiety ReductionAs previously discussed, honokiol's affinity for the GABA_A receptors, particularly the benzodiazepine site, gives MBE its potent anxiolytic effects. With reduced anxiety, the brain can function more efficiently, process information rapidly, and improve decision-making capacities.[9] Potential Anti-depressant PropertiesDepression, often a result of neurotransmitter imbalances, can significantly hamper cognitive function. Preliminary studies indicate that MBE might exert anti-depressant effects by modulating serotonergic and dopaminergic systems, though more research is needed to ascertain its full potential in this realm.[10] Sleep and Relaxation: Natural Sedative PropertiesSleep is vital for cognitive rejuvenation. Honokiol's interaction with GABA_A receptors not only confers anxiolytic effects but also has sedative properties. Improved sleep quality can subsequently lead to enhanced cognitive functions, improved memory recall, and increased focus.[11] Neuroprotective BenefitsAs discussed, the antioxidative properties of MBE's constituents, especially honokiol, play a significant role in neuroprotection. By reducing oxidative stress, they contribute to a healthy neural environment, crucial for optimal cognitive function. Magnolia Bark Extract is not just another natural compound; it's a symphony of molecules, each playing its part in the grand orchestra of cognitive enhancement. In the next section, we will look into its side effects and safety profile. So without further ado, let's continue. Analysis: Magnolia Officinalis Extracts in Alzheimer's DiseaseAccording to a study conducted on Magnolia officinalis and its impact on memory impairment and amyloidogenesis in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's Disease[12] Lee et al. showcased the historical use of Magnolia bark in oriental traditional medicine. These traditional practices emphasize the bark's role in treating neurosis, anxiety, and headaches. What this means is that the bark of the Magnolia family possesses potent bioactive components. Lee et al. identified these components as honokiol, obovatol, magnolol, and 4-O-methylhonokiol. They found that extracts, especially 4-O-methylhonokiol, demonstrated memory-improving functions in several animal models. This discovery positions Magnolia officinalis as a potential nootropic agent. Lee et al. further reported that both the nutritional supplement (Magnolia Extract™) and the ethanol extract of Magnolia officinalis showed promise in ameliorating memory dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease mouse models. Notably, the ethanol extract seemed to have a more pronounced effect. However, it's essential to note the variability in efficacy. Lee et al. suggest that the therapeutic benefits of Magnolia extracts could differ based on cultivation areas and manufacturing methods. Magnolia Bark Extract Side Effects & Safety ProfileMagnolia Bark Extract, like any therapeutic agent, is not without its caveats. While it boasts a broad spectrum of benefits, it's paramount to remain cognizant of its potential side effects and interactions. Here's an overview of the most common Magnolia Bark Extract side effects:
Interactions with Other DrugsGiven MBE's sedative properties, concurrent use with other sedatives or benzodiazepines may potentiate the sedative effects, leading to excessive drowsiness or even respiratory depression. Anti-depressantsMBE's potential modulation of serotonergic and dopaminergic systems suggests caution when co-administered with certain antidepressants, especially SSRIs or MAOIs, to avoid the risk of serotonin syndrome. Magnolia Bark Extract Nootropic Dosage RecommendationsNavigating the optimal dosage of Magnolia Bark Extract (MBE) for cognitive enhancement can be intricate. Not only does it vary based on individual sensitivity and desired effects, but also on the context in which it's taken, such as standalone use versus stacking with other nootropics. Here's a detailed guide on how to approach MBE dosing for nootropic purposes. Standalone MBE DosageWhen consumed solely for its nootropic benefits:
Nootropic StacksStacking refers to the practice of combining multiple nootropics to achieve synergistic benefits. When stacking MBE with other nootropics, it's important to adjust dosages and monitor for interactions.
Clinical DosagesIn clinical settings, the dosage of MBE varies depending on the condition being treated.
Considerations and Caveats
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)What is Magnolia Bark Extract (MBE) and its primary constituents?Magnolia Bark Extract (MBE) is derived from the bark of magnolia trees, primarily Magnolia officinalis and Magnolia obovata. Its primary active constituents, known for their therapeutic properties, are magnolol and honokiol. How does MBE function as a nootropic?MBE functions as a nootropic by enhancing memory, promoting focus, regulating mood through its anxiolytic and potential anti-depressant properties, and by aiding in sleep due to its natural sedative effects. Its interactions with GABA receptors, antioxidative properties, and modulation of neurotransmitter systems play pivotal roles in these cognitive benefits. Can MBE be stacked with other nootropics?Yes, MBE can be stacked with other nootropics such as L-Theanine, Bacopa Monnieri, and Rhodiola Rosea. However, when stacking, it's essential to adjust dosages and be aware of potential synergistic effects or interactions. What is the recommended dosage of MBE for cognitive enhancement?For cognitive enhancement, a typical recommended dosage ranges from 200 mg to 400 mg of standardized MBE (containing around 90% magnolol and honokiol) daily. However, this can vary based on individual sensitivity and desired effects. Is it safe to take MBE every day?Generally, MBE is considered safe for daily consumption, especially within the recommended dosage range. However, it's wise to occasionally cycle off MBE to prevent tolerance buildup and ensure its continued effectiveness. How does MBE compare to synthetic nootropics?MBE offers a more holistic approach to cognitive enhancement, leveraging natural compounds with multi-faceted benefits. While synthetic nootropics might have targeted and potent effects, MBE combines cognitive enhancement with additional benefits like mood regulation, antioxidative properties, and natural sedative effects, all with a generally milder side effect profile. My Final Thoughts: Magnolia Bark Extract as a NootropicNavigating the intricate landscape of supplements, it's evident that not all are created equal. Magnolia Bark Extract stands out, not only as a potent herbal treatment but also as a noteworthy member within the vast family of vitamins and supplements. The broad spectrum of its uses, from managing symptoms of various conditions to potential cancer treatments, sets it apart. Preliminary studies, especially those involving mice, have indicated significant antioxidant activity, hinting at its potential to combat oxidative stress—a common culprit behind many ailments. Furthermore, while animal models like mice have given us valuable insights, human studies are crucial. They not only validate the findings from mice studies but also ensure the results are directly translatable to our physiology. Recent human studies have begun to corroborate many of the claims traditionally associated with this extract. Products that harness the benefits of MBE often tout its antioxidant properties, but it's the potential liver-protective activity that piques the interest of many scientists. Given the liver's role in detoxification, any supplement or treatment that supports its function holds immense value. However, as with all supplements and herbal products, discernment is key. While the allure of MBE is undeniable, grounded in both ancient wisdom and modern science, it's paramount to approach its consumption with an informed perspective, being aware of its multifaceted benefits and potential caveats.
Via https://nootropicology.com/magnolia-bark-extract/ In this article, I'll look closely at the 8 best nootropics for traumatic brain injury (TBI). I'll also cover the potential risks and side effects you may run into and the benefits you can expect. Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a serious and potentially life-altering condition. It can cause physical, cognitive, and psychological impairments that can have long-term repercussions. Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBIs) can occur in people of all ages. Still, unfortunately, they remain a pressing concern, with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimating that 64,000 TBI-related deaths occurred in 2020 alone - roughly 176 daily.[1] Nootropics have been gaining popularity as a tool for managing symptoms of TBI, and they are gaining more acceptance in the medical community. Let's look at what Science has to say about nootropics for TBI. The best nootropics for TBI (Traumatic Brain Injury), according to scientific evidence, are:
1. Nooceptin (FDG-117)Nooceptin is a nootropic blend. Nootropic blends contain a mix of nootropic ingredients that all work synergistically to support cognitive performance and brain health. In the case of Nooceptin, the nootropic blend includes 7 clinical-proven ingredients that help improve memory, focus, concentration, and overall cognitive function. The 7 nootropic ingredients in Nooceptin are:
CDP-Choline is a form of Choline that boosts memory through increased neural plasticity and acetylcholine (ACh) in the brain. This is essential for TBI patients who may have suffered neurodegeneration in this brain area. One study showed that citicoline is an effective and safe treatment for traumatic brain injury patients, improving recovery time and long-term prognosis.[2] Therefore, it could be used as an effective management strategy for TBIs. Nooceptin Pros
Nooceptin Cons
Nooceptin in SummaryNooceptin contains 7 clinical-proven nootropic ingredients that all work together to create a powerful cognitive-enhancing blend. It is a great option for TBI patients as it increases neural plasticity and acetylcholine in the brain, reducing recovery time and the long-term prognosis of TBIs. 2. CreatineCreatine is a naturally-occurring nootropic renowned for its cognitive-enhancing properties. Held within your liver, kidneys, and pancreas as an amino acid molecule known scientifically as 'non-essential', it quickly gets to work once entering the brain. Sending out phosphate molecules that bind with adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to produce a cellular fuel source - namely: adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Thus providing brain cells with invaluable energy in which cognition flourishes. Traumatic brain injuries have been linked to decreased metabolic markers, such as the ATP/ADP ratio. The underlying cause may be attributed to the depletion of creatine caused by these head trauma events.[3] Therefore, creatine may act as an effective TBI treatment since it can replenish the levels of ATP in the brain and improve recovery time and long-term prognosis. Creatine Pros
Creatine Cons
Creatine in SummaryCreatine is a naturally-occurring nootropic that provides brain cells with invaluable energy. It increases the ATP/ADP ratio in the brain, which can help boost recovery time and the long-term prognosis of TBI patients. While creatine may be effective in managing TBI symptoms, it is not ideal for people with decreased kidney function. 3. DHA (Omega-3)Omega-3 fatty acids (DHA and EPA) have a significant structural impact on brain cell membranes, affecting membrane fluidity, thickness, neuron growth - even mitochondrial function.[4] Particularly influential is DHA's role in augmenting phospholipid content within the cells. Higher quantities of phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine are catalyzed to promote lifelong neurological development. Rich in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, DHA has been shown to protect against harmful cell death caused by AMPA activity while diminishing glutamate's toxic effects.[5] Additionally, it suppresses nitric oxide (NO) production mediated by the upregulation of glutathione (GSH)-dependent enzymes. NO has been implicated in destroying neurons, leading to decreased cognitive performance and systemic inflammation.[6] DHA offers TBI patients a quality source of anti-inflammatory action, protecting neurons against environmental stressors. DHA (Omega-3) Pros
DHA (Omega-3) Cons
DHA (Omega-3) in SummaryDHA is an omega-3 fatty acid that offers numerous neurological benefits. It helps protect against harmful cell death, increases phospholipid content in brain cells, suppresses nitric oxide production, and reduces systemic inflammation. While it is cheap and widely available, getting a quality DHA product is important to ensure the best results. 4. ResveratrolResveratrol, a polyphenol stilbenoid found in red wine and other plants, may be one of the best potential treatments for traumatic brain injuries. Although direct studies haven't been conducted with TBI victims yet, it has demonstrated positive effects due to its ability to increase Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF). BDNF is a protein that plays an essential role in neuronal development and plasticity. The increased production of BDNF is a protective factor to support neurons against damage caused by trauma and concussion.[7] Studies in laboratory animals have uncovered the potential of Resveratrol as a therapeutic agent for Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). This powerful compound has been found to reduce neuron loss, increase locomotion and improve anxiety levels and memory after TBI.[8] Resveratrol Pros
Resveratrol Cons
Resveratrol in SummaryResveratrol is a polyphenol stilbenoid found in red wine and other plants that may be one of the best potential treatments for traumatic brain injuries. Studies in laboratory animals have uncovered the potential of Resveratrol as a therapeutic agent for TBI, showing increased Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor production, reduced neuron loss, improved anxiety levels, memory, and natural antioxidant benefits. 5. Lithium OrotateLithium Orotate is a nutritional supplement form of lithium used in microdoses, much like zinc or selenium. It is an orotic acid and lithium salt, available as the monohydrate LiC5H3N2O4·H2O. Lithium Orotate is an over-the-counter nutraceutical that consists of orotic acid (a compound produced naturally in the body) and lithium (an essential trace mineral). It has been used for decades to treat mental health issues such as depression, bipolar disorder, and anxiety.[9] In recent years, research has suggested that lithium may benefit those suffering from traumatic brain injury (TBI). Studies have shown that it can help reduce inflammation and oxidative stress in the brain following a TBI.[10] Lithium Orotate can also cross the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) more effectively than other forms of lithium, making it a more viable option for managing TBI symptoms. Lithium Orotate Pros
Lithium Orotate Cons
Lithium Orotate in SummaryLithium Orotate is a nutritional supplement form of lithium used in microdoses, much like zinc or selenium. It is an orotic acid and lithium salt, available as the monohydrate LiC5H3N2O4·H2O. It can help reduce inflammation and oxidative stress in the brain following a TBI and cross the Blood Brain Barrier more effectively than other forms of lithium. It is a non-prescription nutraceutical and should be used under medical supervision if prolonged usage is required. 6. N-Acetyl L-Cysteine (NAC)Considered a powerful antioxidant, N-Acetyl L-Cysteine (NAC) is an altered form of the amino acid L-cysteine which aids in restoring our vital defense - glutathione (GSH). NAC helps the body to make more of this powerful antioxidant which is an effective treatment for oxidative stress, a common symptom in TBI.[11] Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) inflicts a myriad of damages to the brain, from glutamate toxicity and free-radical cell injury to mitochondrial dysfunction and even stroke. In extreme cases, cells may undergo apoptosis - death as an adaptive response against these traumas. One randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study conducted on active duty service members at a forward-deployed field hospital in Iraq, looked at the efficacy of NAC supplementation in reducing TBI-related symptoms. Service personnel who were affected by extreme ordnance-related blasts and stated criteria for traumatic brain injury (TBI) were randomly assigned to receive either a placebo or NAC. After the 7-day duration of the trial, success was measured in absence of TBI symptoms such as confusion and disorientation. Results showed that NAC was significantly superior to the placebo in reducing symptoms of TBI, with no adverse side-effects.[12] N-Acetyl L-Cysteine (NAC) Pros
N-Acetyl L-Cysteine (NAC) Cons
N-Acetyl L-Cysteine (NAC) in SummaryN-Acetyl L-Cysteine (NAC) is an altered form of the amino acid L-cysteine which aids in restoring our vital defense - glutathione (GSH). It is considered a powerful antioxidant and has been found to be effective at reducing symptoms of TBI in a double-blind study with no adverse side effects. 7. Pine Bark ExtractPine Bark Extract has been shown to be an impressive ally in the fight against inflammation and oxidative stress. Proven one of the strongest antioxidants known, this natural supplement could play a key role in treating conditions associated with traumatic brain injury.[13] Pine Bark Extract has an impressive range of protective benefits for brain cell health; it decreases the damaging effects oxidizing agents have on DNA, halts inflammation-promoting gene expression, and inhibits tissue glycation.[14] Moreover, its ability to boost cerebral circulation through enhanced nitric oxide activity bolsters one's overall neural functioning. Pine Bark Extract Pros
Pine Bark Extract Cons
Pine Bark Extract in SummaryPine Bark Extract is a powerful antioxidant with an impressive range of protective benefits for brain cell health. It decreases oxidizing agents' damaging effects on DNA, halts inflammation-promoting gene expression, and inhibits tissue glycation. 8. PiracetamPiracetam, a water-soluble ampakine nootropic in the racetam family of compounds, can normalize L-Glutamate levels and prevent glutamate toxicity associated with traumatic brain injury[15] Additionally, it holds the potential to reverse symptoms caused by restricted blood flow after TBI due to its capacity for increasing cerebral blood flow. This could be thanks to its modulation capabilities for both AMPA and NMDA receptors which are often negatively impacted post-trauma.[16] Piracetam Pros
Piracetam Cons
Piracetam in SummaryPiracetam has been found to normalize L-Glutamate levels, increase cerebral blood flow and have modulation capabilities for both AMPA and NMDA receptors which are often negatively impacted post-trauma. What Are the Best Nootropics for TBI (Traumatic Brain Injury)?The 8 best nootropics for TBI (Traumatic Brain Injury), according to the scientific literature, are:
My list contains a mix of natural and synthetic nootropics, each containing a unique set of benefits that can help to improve cognitive performance for those with traumatic brain injury. If you're looking for a powerful synthetic nootropic, Piracetam is your best choice. It has an impressive range of protective benefits for brain cell health and can help boost cerebral circulation through enhanced nitric oxide activity. For those who prefer natural options, Nooceptin and Omega-3 (DHA) are excellent choices. Nooceptin is a unique blend of natural herbs that can support healthy cognitive performance, while Omega-3's anti-inflammatory properties can help reduce swelling in the brain after a TBI. You can stack Nooceptin and Omega-3 for maximum benefit or take them separately. Others may prefer to add Creatine or Resveratrol for enhanced brain-boosting benefits. How to Choose the Right Nootropic Supplement for TBI (Traumatic Brain Injury)?How you choose the right nootropic supplement for TBI (Traumatic Brain Injury) depends on 3 factors:
The natural nootropics on my list are generally safe and have fewer side effects than synthetic nootropics, but they are not as potent most of the time. On the other hand, synthetic nootropics are often more potent and have more substantial effects, but they can be more expensive and have more side effects. If youâre on a budget, I suggest starting with natural blends like Nooceptin. If these don't provide enough benefit, consider investing in stronger options such as Piracetam. You can always use Nooceptin as a foundation and add stronger nootropics. What Are the Benefits of Nootropics for TBI (Traumatic Brain Injury)?Nootropics can benefit those suffering from TBI (Traumatic Brain Injury) in different ways. Nootropics can increase communication between neurons and improve the functioning of neurotransmitters, which can help speed up recovery from TBI. The antioxidants present in nootropics can also protect against free radical damage, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. This can help to minimize cell death caused by trauma or lack of oxygen to the brain. Overview of the benefits of nootropics for TBI (Traumatic Brain Injury): ⢠Improves communication between neurons. ⢠Enhances the functioning of neurotransmitters. ⢠Reduces inflammation and oxidative stress. ⢠Protects against free radical damage. ⢠Minimizes cell death caused by trauma. ⢠Boosts cognitive performance. ⢠Increases energy levels. Using a combination of nootropics, TBI patients can improve their cognitive performance while reducing the risk of further neuronal damage. It's important to note that nootropics cannot reverse existing damage or cure TBI, but they can help to improve symptoms and reduce the risk of further injury. Nootropics should be used as part of a larger treatment plan prescribed by a doctor. Always consult with your healthcare provider before adding any supplement to your routine. What Are the Side Effects of Nootropics for TBI (Traumatic Brain Injury)?In general, nootropics are considered safe and their side effects tend to be mild. However, itâs important to note that some synthetic nootropics can have more significant side effects than natural ones. Common side effects of nootropics for TBI (Traumatic Brain Injury) include: ⢠Headache ⢠Dizziness ⢠Nausea ⢠Stomach upset ⢠Anxiety or agitation ⢠Insomnia Itâs also important to note that nootropics can interfere with other medications, so itâs best to talk to your doctor before adding any supplement to your routine. Do Nootropics Really Work for TBI (Traumatic Brain Injury)?Yes, nootropics can work for TBI (Traumatic Brain Injury). Nootropics can help to improve communication between neurons, reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, protect against free radical damage, minimize cell death caused by trauma, boost cognitive performance and increase energy levels. Depending on which route you go down (natural or synthetic nootropics) and the severity of your TBI, you may experience different levels of improvement. For best results, combine or stack your nootropic supplement with a balanced diet, regular exercise, and plenty of rest. This will ensure you get all the nutrients and stimulation needed to speed up recovery from TBI and improve cognitive performance. If youâre considering adding nootropics to your treatment plan for TBI, itâs important to discuss it with your doctor first. They will be able to recommend the best course of treatment for you. Final ThoughtsSo what do we know about nootropics and TBI? We know that nootropics can help to improve communication between neurons, reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, protect against free radical damage, minimize cell death caused by trauma, boost cognitive performance and increase energy levels. We also know that there is a difference between natural and synthetic nootropics, with natural nootropics being generally less risky than synthetic ones. Nootropic blends like Nooceptin provides a great foundation for TBI recovery and cognitive performance. It combines natural nootropics with essential vitamins and minerals, helping to reduce inflammation, protect against free radical damage and stimulate healthy neuron growth.
Via https://nootropicology.com/best-nootropics-for-tbi-traumatic-brain-injury/ Hydrafinil (9-Fluorenol) is the newest, most promising nootropic to hit the market in the last few years. It is a stimulant that can improve focus, mood, and wakefulness without the jitters or anxiety of caffeine. It won't make you feel like you need to take a nap when the effects wear off. If you're looking for a safer alternative to Modafinil and Adderall that doesn't have the same addictive properties, Hydrafinil may be worth looking into. In this post we break down what you need know about Hydrafinil as well as exploring its benefits and risks in more detail. What Does It Do?The primary function of Hydrafinil is to promote wakefulness by affecting levels of the neurotransmitter adenosine, which regulates sleep and wakefulness. It also improves attention and reaction time but without the jitters or anxiety commonly associated with stimulants like caffeine and Adderall. These effects are similar to those of modafinil, another popular nootropic. The main difference is that Hydrafinil has not been as widely studied or is not yet fully understood by scientists â which makes it a more interesting and promising alternative. Recent studies have shown that Hydrafinil helped improve the ability to concentrate, increase wakefulness, and even enhance mood â without the side effects of jitters or anxiety. It's more similar in this way to nootropics like Aniracetam and Pramiracetam. In animal trials, it has been observed that Hydrafinil can protect against cognitive impairments associated with lack of sleep. According to the FDA, Hydrafinil is a product that: "enhances wakefulness and alertness without the undesirable side effects of amphetamine-like stimulants. Effects & BenefitsThe effects of Hydrafinil are similar to Modafinil, but more powerful and longer lasting. It takes more than a single dose to feel its effects â so start with a low dose (100 mg) and work your way up. Here's how you'll feel after taking it: Hydrafinil has the potential to improve concentration, mood, motivation, and reaction time. It is also reported to help users lose weight by increasing their metabolism and suppressing their appetite. Unlike caffeine, Modafinil, and other stimulants, Hydrafinil is reported to have little to no side effects. As a result, it can be taken for long periods of time without the fear of developing an addiction. That being said, the long term effects are unknown â but probably similar to those of known nootropics like Modafinil, Aniracetam and Pramiracetam. This makes it worth considering as an alternative if you're looking for something less potent than Modafinil but still want the advantage it provides over Adderall. Side EffectsAs mentioned, Hydrafinil has not been extensively studied or is not fully understood by science. As a result, the long term effects of its use are unknown. However, it has been reported to be safe and well tolerated in short term studies and many users report no side effects. Some possible side effects include headaches or gastrointestinal distress. In addition, high dosages can lead to anxiety and insomnia. Start with a small dose (100 mg) and work up if you experience significant anxiety or insomnia after consumption. Where to Buy Hydrafinil OnlineHydrafinil is not approved by the FDA and has not been evaluated as a drug by the agency. You can't buy it in stores or through your local pharmacy. It is available for sale on Amazon but there have been reports of fake products that are actually just caffeine pills disguised as Hydrafinil. My advice is to stay away from these sites because you don't know what you're getting â which can be dangerous. What is the Difference Between Hydrafinil and Adrafinil?Adrafinil is the parent molecule and precursor to Hydrafinil. It must be metabolized in the body before it turns into an active form. That being said, Adrafinil is said to have a greater adverse effect on the liver compared to hydrafinil. ConclusionSo is Hydrafinil the next big nootropic to boost your energy, focus and mood? It's hard to say for sure â but it seems safe and has been proven to work. If you're looking for a safer alternative to Modafinil that doesn't have the same addictive properties Hydrafinil could be worth taking a look at. References:
Via https://nootropicology.com/hydrafinil/ In this article I'll take a closer look at the popular Nootropic called; Flmodafinil (lauflumide). I'll answer some of the most common questions around this drug and I'll explore what you can do to mitigate its risks. So, what is Flmodafinil exactly? Flmodafinil is a nootropic that belongs to the class of drugs known as; eugeroics. What is an Ergogenic? Some people refer to drugs like Flmodafinil as ergogenic drugs. These are substances that enhance performance in exercise or sports activities. In this case Flmodafinil has been used by both students and professionals to help them study or work for longer periods of time. Flmodafinil is an analog of the popular Smart Drug called; Modafinil which became popular following the movie called; Limitless. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2TUIr08DeZ8 Why do so many people use this Nootropic?Flmodafinil is a potent wakefulness-promoting agent that was first made available in the 90s, but only in certain regions such as Europe. In 2011 its patent expired and various pharmaceutical companies began manufacturing generic versions of the drug. This resulted in it becoming widely available in many other regions, especially North America. Since then it has remained a popular drug among students and professionals. What are the benefits of this Smart Drug?Flmodafinil offers a number of benefits, including the ability to concentrate much better for much longer. Studies have shown that taking Flmodafinil improves complex tasks that require the full attention of the brain such as reading or math. It also increases the motivation and energy levels of the user, allowing them to study and work harder. This is one of the reasons why it has become so popular with students and professionals. What are the risks associated with Flmodafinil?Flmodafinil is not a new drug. It was first produced in the late 80s, but it didn't become popular until recently with the rise in popularity of other Nootropics. Since its patent expired, many pharmaceutical companies have been producing it. This has resulted in various different generic versions of the drug hitting the market and driving down the price considerably. But there is another reason why Flmodafinil is a popular Nootropic; it has very few side effects compared to some other drugs, including Modafinil. However, this doesn't mean that it's completely risk-free. One of the most serious risks associated with taking it is that there have been some reported cases of people suffering from nervous system disorders after taking it. In some cases, these conditions have led to complications such as strokes or even death. The FDA released a warning about this, urging people with pre-existing heart conditions to avoid using it. It is known that the drug raises blood pressure and heart rate in some users. In addition, it is not recommended for people with high blood pressure or cardiac issues. Although the vast majority of users will not experience any issues on Flmodafinil, it should be noted that there are some risks associated with its use. What are some of the other risks?Aside from the serious complications associated with Flmodafinil, there are a few other risks worth mentioning. It is not recommended that people with severe depression take this drug. Flmodafinil can interfere with the absorption of some antidepressants, leading to lower levels in the bloodstream and possible side effects. When taken with medicines such as SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors), the two may interact in such a way that can lead to serotonin syndrome. Serotonin syndrome is an extremely serious condition that can lead to extreme symptoms of anxiety, agitation, loss of coordination, muscle spasms and even unconsciousness. The FDA has warned people with pre-existing conditions to avoid using Flmodafinil, especially if they are also taking medications for depression. Using Flmodafinil with other drugs that affect the central nervous system can be dangerous. This includes drugs such as Antidepressants, Anti-anxiety medications and even opioids (pain killers). If you are taking any of these medications it is important to talk to your doctor before taking Flmodafinil. How long does it take to start working?Flmodafinil is not a drug that works right away. It takes between 30 and 60 minutes before users will start to feel its effects. It's important to note that it can take up to two hours before the full effects are felt by the user. Some people have reported that the effects can last up to 12 hours after taking the drug. However, it's advised that people only take this drug in the morning as it may interfere with sleep for those who take it later in the day. What are some of the ingredients found in Flmodafinil?Flmodafinil is a relatively simple drug. One of the main reasons for its popularity among users is because there are no other ingredients besides Flmodafinil. There are no flavoring agents or fillers added to get the drug to taste better or make it easier to swallow. Flmodafinil is the only active ingredient and it's made in a laboratory. Who can use it?As long as you're over 18 years old, there aren't any restrictions on who can take this drug. Flmodafinil is a prescription medication, so it is only available with a prescription from a doctor or if you find an online Vendor. It's important to note that many insurance providers will not cover the cost of Flmodafinil, so you'll want to check with your insurance provider to see if they cover it. Is it legal in the US?For the most part, yes. It is legal to buy Flmodafinil in the US and online sales are not restricted. However, some state laws may make it illegal to use the drug. It's important to check your individual state law before using this drug. Why doesn't everyone know about this Smart Drug?There are a lot of different factors that play into why some people may not have heard of this drug before. Some of those factors are the cost. While Flmodafinil is not expensive, the cost of research and development is high, so it's not surprising that there aren't more people using it to help with their sleep problems. Another reason people may not have heard of Flmodafinil before is that it's only available online as a prescription drug. Online Drug Vendors are not regulated by the FDA and do not have to show proof of clinical testing. Despite being available online, Flmodafinil is still considered a prescription drug by the FDA. Some people may be scared off by this fact, because they feel like they are taking something too advanced for them or that it's too dangerous. But, if you do your research and educate yourself you'll know that there is nothing to worry about. You can take advantage of the research and development that has already been done for you. Modafinil vs. Flmodafinil - What's the difference?Modafinil is a prescription medication used to treat the symptoms of narcolepsy, such as excessive daytime sleepiness and lethargy. Modafinil is also prescribed off-label for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and shift work disorder. Flmodafinil is one of the newer modafinil analogs on the market, with its primary effects being increased periods of wakefulness, increased vigilance and attention span, reduced fatigue after waking up in the morning, and reduced need for caffeine. It has a half-life of 15 hours (regular modafinil's half-life being 12 hours). The primary difference between Flmodafinil and Modafinil is that the latter requires a prescription to buy, whereas Flmodafinil has not been approved by the FDA and can be bought without a prescription. In summaryFlmodafinil is an analog of Modafinil. It is a drug created to help people deal with excessive sleepiness. Unlike Modafinil, it is easily digestible by the body. It acts longer than its counterpart and helps improve symptoms such as low blood pressure, low appetite, and sleepiness in patients who suffer from narcolepsy. The effects of Flmodafinil will last 8-12 hours. Lastly, it can be tough to find out if your Flmodafinil is real. If you shop on the internet, you run the risk of being scammed by a site that sells fake or counterfeit items.
Via https://nootropicology.com/flmodafinil/ Choline is an essential nutrient that plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including neurotransmitter synthesis, cell membrane structure, and lipid metabolism. Choline bitartrate is a popular supplemental form of choline that has gained attention for its potential cognitive-enhancing effects and health benefits. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of choline bitartrate, exploring its chemical composition, mechanisms of action, potential benefits, dosage recommendations, and safety considerations. By understanding the science behind choline bitartrate and its role in supporting brain function and overall health, readers can make informed decisions about whether to incorporate this supplement into their dietary regimen. What Is Choline L-Bitartrate and Its Chemical Composition?Choline bitartrate is an organic compound that is a salt of choline and tartaric acid. It is produced by the chemical reaction of trimethylamine with ethylene oxide and water, followed by a reaction with tartaric acid. Choline bitartrate has the molecular formula C9H19NO7 and a molecular weight of 253.25.
What Is the Origin of Choline L-Bitartrate?Choline bitartrate is produced by the chemical reaction of trimethylamine with ethylene oxide and water, followed by a reaction with tartaric acid. This process involves the formation of the choline cation from trimethylamine and ethylene oxide, which then combines with the bitartrate anion derived from tartaric acid to form the final compound. Choline bitartrate is a synthetic form of choline, which is found naturally in many food sources, particularly in animal-based products such as poultry, fish, dairy, and eggs. What Is the Chemical Structure of Choline L-Bitartrate?Choline bitartrate contains quaternary ammonium cations (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium [(CH3)3NCH2CH2OH]+) and bitartrate anions (HOOCâCH(OH)âCH(OH)âCOOâ). The bitartrate anion is chiral and the choline cation has three methyl groups and one 2-hydroxyethyl group attached to the nitrogen. Its chemical structure can be represented as [(CH3)3NCH2CH2OH]+HOOCâCH(OH)âCH(OH)âCOOâ. How Does Choline L-Bitartrate Enhance Cognitive Function?Choline bitartrate provides choline, an essential nutrient that plays a crucial role in cognitive performance and overall brain health. By increasing acetylcholine levels, choline bitartrate can improve memory formation, attention, learning, and overall cognitive function.[1] What Are the Biochemical Processes Influenced by Choline L-Bitartrate?Choline bitartrate acts as a precursor for the synthesis of acetylcholine in the brain. It efficiently crosses the blood-brain barrier and increases choline levels, which are then used to produce acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter essential for various cognitive processes. By enhancing cholinergic neurotransmission, choline bitartrate can improve communication between neurons and support overall brain function. What Are the Primary Uses and Benefits of Choline L-Bitartrate?Choline bitartrate is commonly used as a dietary supplement to ensure adequate choline intake. It may help reduce the risk of choline deficiency which can lead to liver damage, muscle damage, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Choline supplementation during pregnancy is important for proper fetal brain development and reducing the risk of certain birth defects.[2] How Does Choline L-Bitartrate Benefit Cognitive Disorders?Some research suggests choline may play a role in treating or preventing certain neurological disorders like dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and bipolar disorder, although evidence is mixed. Choline bitartrate provides choline which is needed to produce acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter involved in memory, mood, and muscle control. However, more studies are needed to confirm the cognitive benefits of choline supplementation in various neurological conditions.[3] How Can Choline L-Bitartrate Improve Cognitive Performance in Healthy Individuals?Choline bitartrate supplementation may improve memory function and brain development, but research findings are inconsistent. Some observational studies have linked higher choline intake with better cognitive performance, while other clinical trials found no significant benefits from choline supplements on cognition in healthy adults. The relationship between choline and cognitive function requires further investigation. User Experiences and Reviews of Choline L-BitartrateAccording to reviews on various nootropic vendors websites, many users report positive experiences with choline bitartrate supplements, noting improvements in memory, focus, and mental clarity. The reviews often mention that it mixes well in water and is easy to take without causing digestive discomfort. Some individuals combine choline bitartrate with other nootropics like caffeine or racetams for synergistic cognitive benefits. What Do Personal Experiences and Reddit Discussions Reveal About Choline L-Bitartrate?Many Reddit users report positive experiences with choline bitartrate supplements, noting improvements in memory, focus, and mental clarity. Some individuals combine choline bitartrate with other nootropics like caffeine or racetams for synergistic cognitive benefits. However, a few users did not notice any significant effects from choline supplementation on their cognitive performance. My Personal Choline L-Bitartrate Experience and ResultsI have been taking choline bitartrate supplements for several months and have noticed a significant improvement in my memory and mental sharpness. I find that it helps me stay focused and alert throughout the day, especially when combined with my morning coffee. The supplement is easy to take and has not caused any digestive discomfort or other side effects. How Does Choline L-Bitartrate Feel and What Results Were Observed?Taking choline bitartrate has made me feel more mentally clear and sharp, with improved ability to recall information and stay focused on tasks. I have observed better verbal fluency and an increased capacity to process complex information quickly. The effects are subtle but noticeable, and I feel that my overall cognitive performance has improved since starting the supplement. Practical Aspects of Acquiring Choline L-BitartrateCholine bitartrate supplements are widely available online and in health food stores. It is important to choose a reputable brand and ensure that the product is pure and free from contaminants. Choline bitartrate is generally affordable and can be purchased in powder or capsule form for easy consumption. It is always advisable to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement regimen. Understanding Choline L-Bitartrate's Side Effects and Safety ProfileCholine bitartrate is generally considered safe when consumed in recommended doses. However, it is important to be aware of potential side effects and safety considerations before starting supplementation. While most people tolerate choline bitartrate well, some may experience mild adverse effects, particularly at high doses. What Are the Known Short-Term and Long-Term Side Effects?The most common short-term side effects of choline bitartrate include digestive discomfort, such as nausea, diarrhea, and stomach upset. Some people may also experience headaches, sweating, or a fishy body odor when taking high doses of choline supplements. These side effects are usually mild and subside when the dosage is reduced or discontinued. Long-term safety data on choline bitartrate supplementation is limited. However, studies suggest that prolonged high intake of choline may be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease due to the formation of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in the gut. More research is needed to fully understand the long-term effects of choline supplementation.[4] What Are the Major Drug Interactions with Choline L-Bitartrate?Choline bitartrate has no known clinically significant drug interactions. However, it may interact with certain medications that affect cholinergic neurotransmission, such as anticholinergics and cholinesterase inhibitors. These interactions could potentially enhance or reduce the effects of choline on the body. Administration and Dosage Guidelines for Choline L-BitartrateWhen considering choline bitartrate supplementation, it is important to understand the proper administration and dosage guidelines to ensure safety and effectiveness. The recommended dosage may vary depending on individual factors such as age, sex, and health status. It is always best to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement regimen. What Are the Different Forms and Methods of Taking Choline L-Bitartrate?Choline bitartrate supplements are available in various forms, including capsules, tablets, and powder. Capsules and tablets are the most convenient and commonly used forms, as they provide a pre-measured dose and are easy to swallow. Choline bitartrate powder can be mixed with water or other beverages for those who prefer a customizable dose or have difficulty swallowing pills. How Much Choline L-Bitartrate Is Recommended for Desired Effects?The recommended daily intake of choline varies by age, sex, and life stage. For adults, the Adequate Intake (AI) for choline is 425 mg/day for women and 550 mg/day for men. Pregnant and lactating women require higher amounts, with an AI of 450 mg/day and 550 mg/day, respectively. When using choline bitartrate supplements, it is generally recommended to start with a lower dose of 250-500 mg per day and gradually increase as needed, not exceeding the tolerable upper intake level (UL) of 3,500 mg per day for adults. Pharmacokinetics of Choline L-BitartrateCholine bitartrate is rapidly absorbed in the small intestine after oral administration. Once absorbed, it is metabolized in the liver to form phosphatidylcholine, a key component of cell membranes. Choline is then distributed throughout the body, with high concentrations found in the brain, liver, and kidneys. Excess choline is excreted in the urine, primarily as trimethylamine oxide (TMAO). The bioavailability of choline from choline bitartrate supplements is estimated to be around 40-60%. Peak plasma concentrations of choline are typically reached within 1-2 hours after oral ingestion. The half-life of choline in the body is relatively short, ranging from 1-4 hours, which suggests that regular intake is necessary to maintain optimal levels. How Is Choline L-Bitartrate Absorbed, Metabolized, and Excreted in the Body?Choline bitartrate is rapidly absorbed in the small intestine after oral administration. Once absorbed, it is metabolized in the liver to form phosphatidylcholine, a key component of cell membranes. Choline is then distributed throughout the body, with high concentrations found in the brain, liver, and kidneys. Excess choline is excreted in the urine, primarily as trimethylamine oxide (TMAO). Tolerance and Dependency Issues with Choline L-BitartrateWhen considering long-term use of choline bitartrate supplements, it is important to understand potential tolerance and dependency issues. While choline is an essential nutrient and generally considered safe, some concerns have been raised regarding the development of tolerance and potential withdrawal symptoms upon discontinuation. Can Users Develop Tolerance to Choline L-Bitartrate?Current research suggests that tolerance to choline bitartrate's cognitive-enhancing effects is unlikely to develop with regular use at recommended doses. Unlike some other nootropic substances, choline does not appear to lead to diminished responsiveness over time. However, individual experiences may vary, and more long-term studies are needed to fully understand the potential for tolerance development. It is important to note that choline bitartrate is not known to cause physical dependence or addiction. Interactions and Synergies: Choline L-Bitartrate CombinationsCholine bitartrate may interact with certain substances, potentially enhancing or altering their effects. It is important to be aware of these interactions to ensure safety and optimize the desired outcomes of supplementation. Always consult with a healthcare professional before combining choline bitartrate with other supplements or medications. What Substances Interact with Choline L-Bitartrate?One well-known synergistic combination is choline bitartrate with racetam-class nootropics, such as piracetam or aniracetam. These compounds work together to increase acetylcholine levels in the brain, leading to improved cognitive performance. Choline bitartrate may also interact with other supplements and medications that affect cholinergic neurotransmission, such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (e.g., donepezil) or anticholinergic drugs (e.g., scopolamine). What Are the Most Effective Choline L-Bitartrate Stacks?Choline bitartrate is often stacked with racetam nootropics like piracetam or aniracetam to enhance their cognitive effects. The combination of choline bitartrate and racetam can synergistically increase acetylcholine levels in the brain, leading to improved memory, focus, and learning. Some users also report positive results when combining choline bitartrate with caffeine or other stimulants for increased mental energy and alertness. Exploring Alternatives to Choline L-BitartrateWhile choline bitartrate is a popular and effective source of choline, some individuals may be interested in exploring alternative options. These alternatives may offer different benefits, bioavailability, or overall effectiveness compared to choline bitartrate. It is important to consider individual needs and preferences when selecting a choline supplement. What Are Viable Alternatives to Choline L-Bitartrate?Two notable alternatives to choline bitartrate are CDP-choline (citicoline) and alpha-GPC. CDP-choline is a more bioavailable form of choline that has been shown to effectively increase acetylcholine levels and support brain health. Alpha-GPC is another highly bioavailable choline source that has been studied for its potential cognitive-enhancing effects and neuroprotective properties. Other choline-containing supplements include phosphatidylcholine, choline citrate, and choline chloride. However, these forms may have lower bioavailability or less pronounced cognitive effects compared to CDP-choline and alpha-GPC. Insights from Scientific Research on Choline L-BitartrateAlthough choline bitartrate is a common ingredient in many nootropic supplements, scientific research on its cognitive effects is limited. Some studies suggest that choline bitartrate supplementation may improve memory and attention in healthy individuals, but the evidence is not conclusive. More research is needed to fully understand the potential nootropic benefits of choline bitartrate and to determine optimal dosing strategies.[5] What Have Animal and Human Studies Revealed About Choline L-Bitartrate?Animal studies suggest that choline supplementation can improve memory performance and learning. However, human studies have shown mixed results regarding the cognitive effects of choline L-bitartrate.[6] While some research indicates potential benefits for memory and attention, particularly in older adults or those with cognitive impairments, other studies have found no significant effects on cognitive performance in healthy young individuals. Evaluating the Value of Choline L-Bitartrate for Cognitive EnhancementWhen considering choline L-bitartrate for cognitive enhancement, it is important to weigh the potential benefits against the cost and effort required. While choline L-bitartrate may offer some advantages, such as improved memory and attention in certain populations, the overall value of this supplement for cognitive enhancement may vary depending on individual circumstances and goals. Is Investing in Choline L-Bitartrate a Good Decision for Cognitive Enhancement?For healthy individuals seeking a cognitive boost, investing in choline L-bitartrate may not provide significant returns. The evidence for its effectiveness in enhancing cognitive performance in healthy populations is limited and inconsistent. However, for older adults or those with cognitive impairments, choline L-bitartrate supplementation may be a more valuable investment, as some studies suggest potential benefits in these groups. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) About Choline L-BitartrateYour Choline L-Bitartrate questions are answered below. How Long Does It Take for Choline L-Bitartrate to Kick In?The onset of action for choline bitartrate can vary depending on individual factors such as age, weight, and overall health. Generally, it is absorbed quickly and can reach peak plasma levels within one to two hours after oral administration. However, the noticeable effects on cognitive function may take longer to manifest, possibly several days to weeks of consistent supplementation. How Long Does the Effect of Choline L-Bitartrate Last?The duration of choline bitartrate's effects can also vary between individuals. Once absorbed, choline levels in the body typically remain elevated for several hours before gradually returning to baseline. The half-life of choline in the body is estimated to be around 1-4 hours. However, the cognitive benefits of choline supplementation may persist for a longer period, especially with regular use. What Does Choline L-Bitartrate Taste Like?Choline bitartrate has a slightly bitter and sour taste due to the presence of bitartrate. The taste is often described as tart or acidic, similar to other compounds containing tartaric acid. Some users may find the taste unpleasant, especially when consuming choline bitartrate powder directly. Capsule or tablet forms can help mask the taste for those who are sensitive to it. Is Choline L-Bitartrate Legal?Yes, choline bitartrate is legal and widely available as a dietary supplement in most countries, including the United States. It is not considered a controlled substance and can be purchased without a prescription. However, it is always advisable to check your local laws and regulations regarding the purchase and use of dietary supplements. Is Choline L-Bitartrate FDA-Approved?Choline bitartrate is not an FDA-approved medication, as it is classified as a dietary supplement. The FDA does not require dietary supplements to undergo the same rigorous testing and approval process as prescription drugs. However, the FDA does regulate dietary supplements to ensure they are safe and properly labeled. Choline bitartrate is considered generally safe when used as directed. What is Choline Bitartrate Toxicity?Choline bitartrate is generally safe when consumed in recommended doses. However, excessive intake of choline can lead to toxicity symptoms such as fishy body odor, gastrointestinal distress, sweating, and hypotension. The tolerable upper intake level (UL) for choline is 3,500 mg per day for adults. Consuming choline bitartrate in doses exceeding the UL may increase the risk of adverse effects. What Is the Difference Between Phosphatidylcholine and Choline Bitartrate?Phosphatidylcholine is a phospholipid that contains choline as a structural component, while choline bitartrate is a salt form of choline. Phosphatidylcholine is found naturally in cell membranes and is important for their integrity and function. Choline bitartrate, on the other hand, is a supplemental form of choline that is used to increase choline levels in the body. What Is the Difference Between Choline Bitartrate and Choline Citrate?Choline bitartrate and choline citrate are both salt forms of choline, but they differ in the acid used to stabilize the choline molecule. Choline bitartrate is formed by combining choline with tartaric acid, while choline citrate is formed by combining choline with citric acid. Both forms are bioavailable sources of choline, but some studies suggest that choline citrate may have slightly higher bioavailability. What Is the Difference Between Choline Bitartrate and Choline Chloride?Choline bitartrate and choline chloride are both salt forms of choline, but they differ in the anion attached to the choline molecule. Choline bitartrate contains the bitartrate anion, while choline chloride contains the chloride anion. Choline chloride is commonly used in animal feed and is less expensive than choline bitartrate. However, choline bitartrate is more commonly used in human supplements due to its higher bioavailability. Is Choline Bitartrate Beneficial for Hair?Choline is important for the health of hair follicles and may play a role in preventing hair loss. Choline deficiency has been associated with hair loss in animal studies. However, there is limited research specifically on the effects of choline bitartrate supplementation on hair health in humans. More studies are needed to determine if choline bitartrate can provide significant benefits for hair growth and quality. Is Choline Bitartrate Good for Depression?Some studies suggest that choline supplementation may have potential benefits for depression. Choline is involved in the synthesis of neurotransmitters like acetylcholine and serotonin, which are important for mood regulation. However, the specific effects of choline bitartrate on depression have not been extensively studied. What Is the Relationship Between Choline Bitartrate and Inositol?Choline and inositol are both important nutrients for brain function and are often found together in dietary sources. Inositol is a carbohydrate that is involved in cell signaling and neurotransmitter regulation. Some studies suggest that combining choline and inositol supplements may have synergistic effects on cognitive performance and mood. Can Choline Bitartrate Aid in Weight Loss?Choline plays a role in lipid metabolism and may help prevent the accumulation of fat in the liver. Some studies have suggested that choline supplementation may be beneficial for weight loss and body composition. However, the specific effects of choline bitartrate on weight loss have not been extensively studied. Can Choline Bitartrate Help With Gallstones?Choline is involved in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, a compound that helps solubilize cholesterol in bile and prevent the formation of gallstones. Some studies have suggested that choline supplementation may help reduce the risk of gallstones. Can Choline Bitartrate Help Prevent Heart Disease?Choline is involved in the regulation of homocysteine, an amino acid that has been associated with an increased risk of heart disease. Some studies have suggested that choline supplementation may help lower homocysteine levels and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Is Choline Bitartrate Safe During Pregnancy?Choline is an important nutrient for fetal development, particularly for brain and spinal cord formation. The demand for choline increases during pregnancy, and some studies have suggested that choline supplementation may help reduce the risk of certain birth defects. Choline bitartrate is generally considered safe during pregnancy when consumed in recommended doses. Can Choline Bitartrate Be Used as a Pre-workout Supplement?Choline bitartrate is sometimes included in pre-workout supplements due to its potential cognitive-enhancing effects. Choline is involved in the synthesis of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that is important for muscle contraction and focus. Some studies have suggested that choline supplementation may help improve exercise performance and delay fatigue.
Via https://nootropicology.com/choline-l-bitartrate/ In this article I will take a closer look at a popular anxiolytic called; Bromantane. Bromantane is a psychostimulant Nootropic that is used to improve the mental abilities of the user and also enhance their overall physical performance. It was first developed in Russia during the 1960s but it wasn't until recently that the drug started becoming available in the Western world. This is mainly due to Bromantane being relatively unknown in Western medicine but it has since become popular for use as a supplement that can be used to improve mental and physical performance. The main uses of bromantane include:
Like many other compounds, Bromantane works on the central nervous system to stimulate the release of dopamine. This results in a continuous excitation of the parts of the body that are important for enhanced mental abilities including memory and concentration. A Brief History of BromantaneBromantane was originally developed in Russia in 1969. It was first made available in the West in the early 1980's where it was used to treat Parkinson's disease patients. Later, after further research had been done on Bromantane, it became one of the most popular drugs for treating mood disorders such as depression and anxiety. It has also proved to be effective in treating other conditions such as Tourette syndrome, OCD, schizophrenia with many other mood disorders known to respond well to its treatment as well. How quickly does it work?The active ingredient in Bromantane is 1-(3-bromophenyl)-2-pyrrolidin-1-yl 3,5-dihydrobenzoate; a molecule which helps to block GABA (gamma aminobutyric acid) receptors. Bromantane doesn't act like a stimulant as it acts much faster than other similar compounds such as Modafinil. While most other similar drugs require an hour or so before they start to work, Bromantane typically starts working within 30 minutes of ingestion and will peak around 90 minutes after ingestion. There are also other similar drugs which function faster such as caffeine and others. Bromantane is one such compound that works very rapidly despite the relatively slow onset, yet it is still effective enough to be used in clinical trials. How is Bromantane's effectiveness measured?In terms of measuring effectiveness, the effects of Bromantane on the central nervous system can be measured using a technique called electroencephalography (EEG). EEG is a procedure in which electrodes are attached to the scalp to record the electrical activity of the brain. EEGs are typically performed by physicians, neuropsychologists or other trained professionals. The study of EEG has been very important in understanding how compounds interact with neurotransmitters responsible for controlling and influencing our emotions and moods. In a study titled; "Bromantane: Practical application for improvement of mental and physical performance" it was concluded that after dose administration, bromantane increased concentration ability. This indicates that bromantane is effective in increasing concentration levels in users as well as improving overall mental performance. Bromantane has also been shown to improve auditory perception while reducing audio-visual interference. This means that users will be able to focus their attention better while filtering out distractions from their environment such as background noise from traffic or other similar distractions. What are the side effects?Due to the fact that Bromantane is a psychostimulant drug it can cause negative reactions in some users. While Bromantane has been used in clinical trials when treating Parkinson's disease and other conditions it has been shown to be safe for repeated use. However, as with all drugs some negative experiences have been reported where a user will experience feelings of anxiety or depression after taking the drug. However, these side effects are not usually problematic for most people who use bromantane and they often disappear within an hour of taking a dose. In this respect, bromantane is considered to be fairly safe once it reaches therapeutic levels. Bromantane is considered to be a safe drug when used responsibly and the effects it has on users are not hazardous to their health or safety. It is for this reason that Bromantane has become so popular among consumers. What are the benefits?As mentioned earlier, Bromantane is a psychostimulant drug which can improve both the mental and physical performance of the user. One of the most prominent effects of this drug is an increase in concentration levels to help users focus their attention better while blocking distractions from outside sources. Bromantane has also been shown to increase auditory perception along with reducing audio-visual interference. However, this change in perception usually only lasts for a few hours after ingestion and then it returns back to normal levels. This means that the most prominent effects of bromantane are observed during its initial release. Concentration levels change within an hour or so after taking a dose while auditory perception starts improving within 30 minutes of taking a dose but can linger for longer periods throughout the day. The changes in concentration levels can be very significant especially when trying to complete an important task at work or school where focus is required and distractions should be blocked or filtered out as much as possible. As mentioned above, bromantane can be used to treat a variety of mood disorders including anxiety and depression. These are two pretty common disorders that affect millions of people worldwide. Bromantane is the drug of choice when treating these conditions because it treats the anxiety or depression without causing further problems and this makes it easier for users to function during regular tasks throughout the day. How long does Bromantane last?The effects of Bromantane last from 6-12 hours after ingestion. The drug has a half-life of 7 hours meaning that it will remain in the body for up to 14 hours. This is important to remember if you are taking bromantane on a regular basis as it can build up in the system and cause feelings of anxiety, depression or other adverse reactions. Users who have used bromantane report feeling noticeable effects lasting for around 20 hours after taking a dose. In terms of duration, this is much longer than most other similar drugs out there today. What's the most optimal dosage for the best results?The most optimal dosage for the best results is obviously going to differ between users depending on their individual requirements. Since Bromantane is an extremely potent drug, it should only be used when absolutely required and usually in lower doses. Any higher dosage of bromantane can cause a reaction of anxiety or depression which can potentially damage the benefit gained from taking bromantane and make things worse instead of better. It is also important to know that while bromantane is a psychostimulant drug it does not actually stimulate the central nervous system as most similar drugs do. In other words, it doesn't wake you up like a cup of coffee or energize like say; Ritalin. It has more of an impact on the brain by blocking GABA (gamma aminobutyric acid) receptors which are responsible for regulating mood and emotions. This makes it a very effective drug for treating mood disorders by relieving stress and anxiety. The usual recommended dosage for bromantane is 50 mg to 150 mg per day taken on an empty stomach in the morning or early afternoon with plenty of water. Powder or Capsules?Bromantane is most commonly available today as a powder that can be mixed with water or with another liquid like juice, tea or coffee before it is consumed by users. The powder can also be put into gelatine capsules if preferred but this isn't common due to it being hard to dissolve properly unless left overnight before consumption. Another option is to buy Bromantane tablets but these are less common than powders or capsules so most users will stick with one of the two former options. What other drugs will affect Bromantane?While Bromantane is a relatively safe drug, it should still be used with caution when using other drugs. Bromantane is a psychostimulant drug so it can potentially have negative reactions with other substances that have similar effects as bromantane. Sleeping aids, anti-depressants and anti-anxiety medications can also cause adverse reactions if used simultaneously with bromantane. Everybody's physiology is slightly different so users should always start of at low doses to test the reaction of their system and to allow their body time to adjust before using in higher doses or taking additional drugs along with it. Bromantane is a drug that should never be taken when other more powerful psychostimulants are already being used which could prove to be very dangerous as they will affect one another. In fact, it is best to avoid using both bromantane and other powerful psychostimulants at the same time unless it is specifically prescribed to do so by a healthcare professional. Where can I buy Bromantane online?Bromantane is not sold over the counter and therefore it can only be purchased from licensed and regulated pharmacies. It must also be stored in a controlled environment such as a locked cabinet to ensure that other people are not able to access it. Because of these factors, it is unlikely that bromantane can be purchased online as most major retailers do not sell drugs on a grey market basis. Any Bromantane purchased online needs to come directly from the drug manufacturer and this can prove problematic for users who may not have the resources or know-how required to find a reliable source such as a licensed pharmacy. In SummaryBromantane is a psychostimulant drug that is used for treating mood disorders such as anxiety and depression. Due to the fact that Bromantane is a psychostimulant drug it can cause negative reactions in some users. While Bromantane has been used in clinical trials when treating Parkinson's disease and other conditions it has been shown to be safe for repeated use. However, as with all drugs some negative experiences have been reported where a user will experience feelings of anxiety or depression after taking the drug. These side effects are not usually problematic for most people who use bromantane and they often disappear within an hour of taking a dose. In this respect, bromantane is considered to be fairly safe once it reaches therapeutic levels. The most optimal dosage is a matter of preference and there is not a set formula that will work for everyone. The most common dosage, however, used to treat mood disorders is 50 mg to 150 mg per day taken on an empty stomach in the morning or early afternoon with plenty of water. References:
Via https://nootropicology.com/bromantane/ |
About UsNootropicology, founded by John Bartholdi, is dedicated to exploring nootropics and cognitive enhancers. The blog delves into scientific research on nootropics and shares experiences with various supplements. Since 2009, John has been interested in psychopharmacology and neuroscience, focusing on neurocognition-enhancing effects of compounds. Nootropicology aims to share knowledge on cognitive enhancement without pharmaceutical interventions, providing insights for individuals interested in biohacking and neuropsychology. Follow UsOfficial Website |